Webpages on websites
Whole websites
- Do not create an entry in the reference list or use in-text citations. For details on how to mention a whole website in general, see (APA Style website).
Specific types of documents accessed online
- Reference with the template for the type of source, for example books and book chapters, journal articles,听encyclopedias and dictionaries,听informally published works,听newspaper articles or reports.
PDF documents on websites
Cultural Learning Alliance. (2018). The arts, health & wellbeing: Why the arts make us happier and healthier (Briefing Paper No. 3). https://culturallearningalliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Arts-Health-and-Wellbeing-Briefing.pdf
Ministry of Health. (2015). Suicide facts: Deaths and intentional self-harm hospitalisations, 2012. https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/suicide-facts-2012-may15-v2.pdf
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- Parenthetical citations: (Cultural Learning Alliance, 2018; Ministry of Health, 2015)
- Narrative citations: Cultural Learning Alliance (2018) and Ministry of Health (2015)
- PDF documents are typically ebooks or online reports.
- If there is a date, use the year only in the reference.
- Omit the publisher name if it is identical to the author.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. OR Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage: Subtitle of webpage. Website Name. URL OR (for a webpage designed to change, nonarchived) Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
Wilkins, A. (2018, June 28). NZ Govt yet to address single-use plastic bags, despite Australia鈥檚 progress. Newshub. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2018/06/nz-govt-yet-to-address-single-use-plastic-bags-despite-australia-s-progress.html
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- Parenthetical citation: (Wilkins, 2018)
- Narrative citation: Wilkins (2018)
Author and website name are the same
figure.NZ. (n.d.). New Zealand adults diagnosed with anxiety disorder. https://figure.nz/chart/MZK3hLTkW1XjQEK8-vr4UEOu5nohyYJwN
Ministry of Health鈥揗anat奴 Hauora. (2022, April 4). COVID-19: Use of face masks in the community. https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-health-advice-general-public/covid-19-use-masks-community
Stats NZ鈥揟atauranga Aotearoa. (2022, June 3). Exploring the benefits and costs of multiple imputation for the 2018 Census. https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/exploring-the-benefits-and-costs-of-multiple-imputation-for-the-2018-census/
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- Parenthetical citations: (figure.NZ, n.d.; Ministry of Health鈥揗anat奴 Hauora, 2022; Stats NZ鈥揟atauranga Aotearoa, 2022)
- Narrative citations: figure.NZ (n.d.), Ministry of Health鈥揗anat奴 Hauora (2022), and Stats NZ鈥揟atauranga Aotearoa (2022)
Author and website name are the same; changeable nonarchived webpage
Stats NZ鈥揟atauranga Aotearoa. (n.d.). Population. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/population
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- Parenthetical citation: (Stats NZ鈥揟atauranga Aotearoa, n.d.)
- Narrative citation: (Stats NZ鈥揟atauranga Aotearoa, n.d.)
- Date: Use the date of publication if available; use the date of last update instead when present.
- Do not use copyright dates from website footers as they may not apply to specific content.
- Do not use dates of last review as reviewed content may not have changed.
- Website name: When the author and website name are the same, omit the Website Name element.
- News websites: Use the webpage on a website format for articles from news websites such as Scoop, as they are not associated with daily or weekly newspapers. Use the听newspaper articles format听for articles from newspaper websites such as听The Press.
- Retrieval date: Include a retrieval date only if the contents of the page are designed to change over time and the older versions of the page are not archived.
Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of webpage: Subtitle of webpage. Website Name. URL
Ministry for Culture and Heritage. (2021, October 20). The Wairau incident. NZHistory. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/wairau-incident
Science Learning Hub鈥揚okap奴 Akoranga P奴taiao. (2012, October 10). Carbonate chemistry. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/469-carbonate-chemistry
World Health Organization. (2018, February 15). Asbestos: Elimination of asbestos-related diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asbestos-elimination-of-asbestos-related-diseases
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- Parenthetical citations: (Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2021; Science Learning Hub鈥揚okap奴 Akoranga P奴taiao, 2012;听World Health Organization, 2018)
- Narrative citations: Ministry for Culture and Heritage (2021), Science Learning Hub鈥揚okap奴 Akoranga P奴taiao (2012), and World Health Organization (2018)
- Group authors: See Author Variations for more about group authors in references and in-text citations.
- Date: Use the date of publication if available; use the date of last update instead when present.
- Do not use copyright dates from website footers as they may not apply to specific content.
- Do not use dates of last review as reviewed content may not have changed.
- Website name: When the author and website name are the same, omit the Website Name element.
- Retrieval date: Include a retrieval date only if the contents of the page are designed to change over time and the older versions of the page are not archived.
The author of a webpage may not be given in a normal byline but it can be determined from context.
- For a webpage from an organisational or government website, the organisation or government agency itself is the author, unless otherwise specified.
- The author may also be located on an 鈥渁bout us鈥 or acknowledgements page.
Ensure that the date applies to the content you are referencing.
- Do not use copyright dates from website footers as they may not apply to specific content.
- Do not use dates of last review as reviewed content may not have changed.
- If there is no date of publication or date of last update, treat the work as having no date and write n.d.
- To distinguish references with the same author and no date, put a hyphen and letter after no date: n.d.-a, n.d.-b and so on.
- The order of n.d.-a, n.d.-b and so on is title alphabetical order, ignoring any initial A, An or The.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. OR Name of Group. (n.d.). Title of webpage: Subtitle of webpage. Website Name. URL
Ministry of Education鈥揟e T膩huhu o te M膩tauranga. (n.d.-a). Developing an inclusive classroom culture. Inclusive Education. https://www.inclusive.tki.org.nz/guides/developing-an-inclusive-classroom-culture/
Ministry of Education鈥揟e T膩huhu o te M膩tauranga. (n.d.-b). Digital technologies and the technology learning area. Enabling e-Learning. https://elearning.tki.org.nz/Teaching/Curriculum-learning-areas/Digital-technologies-and-the-technology-learning-area
Ministry of Education鈥揟e T膩huhu o te M膩tauranga. (n.d.-c). A new model for delivering learning support. https://www.education.govt.nz/our-work/changes-in-education/strengthening-learning-support/a-new-model-for-delivering-learning-support/
Ministry of Education鈥揟e T膩huhu o te M膩tauranga. (n.d.-d). Strengthening learning support. https://www.education.govt.nz/our-work/changes-in-education/strengthening-learning-support/
United Nations. (n.d.). Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/climate-change/
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- Parenthetical citations: (Ministry of Education鈥揟e T膩huhu o te M膩tauranga, n.d.-a, n.d.-b, n.d.-c, n.d.-d; United Nations, n.d.)
- Narrative citations: Ministry of Education鈥揟e T膩huhu o te M膩tauranga (n.d.-a, n.d.-b, n.d.-c, n.d.-d) and United Nations (n.d.)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. OR Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of blog post: Subtitle of blog post. Blog Site Name. URL
Bombara, L. (n.d.). Sustainability in the early years. Modern Teaching Blog. https://blog.teaching.com.au/sustainability-in-the-early-years
Grohol, J. M. (2018, July 8). While you sleep, your brain keeps working. Psych Central. https://psychcentral.com/blog/while-you-sleep-your-brain-keeps-working/
Humphreys, H. (2021, February 25). On interconnectedness: A M膩ori perspective on educating. Faith in Learning. https://huwhumphreys.wordpress.com/2021/02/25/on-interconnectedness-a-maori-perspective-on-educating/
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- Parenthetical citations: (Bombara, n.d.; Grohol, 2018; Humphreys, 2021)
- Narrative citations: Bombara (n.d.), Grohol (2018), and Humphreys (2021)
- See also (APA Style website).
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. OR Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Title of press release: Subtitle of press release [Press release]. Website Name. URL
Little, A. (2019, December 12). New direction for criminal justice reform [Press release]. Beehive.govt.nz. https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-direction-criminal-justice-reform
World Health Organization. (2013, November 11). Global health workforce shortage to reach 12.9 million in coming decade [Press release]. https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/health-workforce-shortage/en/
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- Parenthetical citations: (Little, 2019; World Health Organization, 2013)
- Narrative citations: Little (2019) and the World Health Organization (2013)
- Website name: When the author and the website name of the press release are the same, omit the Website Name to avoid repetition, as with the World Health Organization example.
