Journal articles
Academic journal articles
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, vol#(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing. DOI OR URL OR nothing
Non-academic periodical articles (magazine articles)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Season OR Year, Month OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, vol#(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing. DOI OR URL OR nothing
Date of publication:
- For academic journal articles, use the (Year) of the volume only, except use the (Year, Month Day) of the issue for academic journals published weekly (APA Style Experts, personal communication, September 30, 2022).
- For non-academic periodicals (professional, trade and popular magazines and so on), use the full date available, including seasons for magazines published seasonally (APA Style Experts, personal communication, September 30, 2022).
Title of the article: Capitalise only the first word of the title, the first word of the subtitle and any proper nouns.
Title of the journal: Write in italics with 鈥 capitalise each significant word.
Any missing element following the journal title: Omit any missing element not provided by the article. Other parts are not adjusted to accommodate the omission.
Volume and issue numbers: If available, write the volume number in italics and issue number within parentheses not in italics.
- See also (APA Style Blog).
Article number: Write the article number after the word Article.
Page numbers: Write the page range if there is no article number and the article is paginated.
- But if the article starts on page 1, check that the issue is paginated consecutively 鈥 that is, make sure that every article in the issue does not start on page 1.
Omit the Article number/Page-range element in the reference for an article:
- Without page numbers or an article number.
- With a page range that is solely the pagination of the individual article and has no relation to the article鈥檚 position in the volume or issue (APA Style Experts, personal communication, November 10, 2023).
DOI or URL:
- Print journals:
- Include the DOI if available, otherwise add nothing after the pages.
- Electronic journals:
- Include the DOI if available.
- If there is no DOI, include the URL but only if it is accessible for all readers. Do not use a URL from AKO | LEARN or a library database). If there is no DOI or accessible URL, add nothing after the pages.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, vol#(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing. DOI
Fort, D. J., Propst, T. L., Stover, E. L., Strong, P. L., & Murray, F. J. (1998). Adverse reproductive and developmental effects in Xenopus from insufficient boron. Biological Trace Element Research, 66(1鈥3), 237鈥259. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02783141
Grace, R. (2017). From liquidating mixed plastics waste to capturing your washing machine鈥檚 microfibers. Plastics Engineering, 73(6), 20鈥24. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2017.tb01726.x
Kacmar, K. M., Andrews, M. C., Harris, K. J., & Tepper, B. J. (2013). Ethical leadership and subordinate outcomes: The mediating role of organizational politics and the moderating role of political skill. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(1), 33鈥44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1373-8
Organ, C., Nunn, C. L., Machanda, Z., & Wrangham, R. W. (2011, August 30). Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding during the evolution of Homo. PNAS, 108(35), 14555鈥14559. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107806108
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- Parenthetical citations: (Fort et al., 1998; Grace, 2017; Kacmar et al., 2013; Organ et al., 2011)
- Narrative citations: Fort et al. (1998), Grace (2017), Kacmar et al. (2013), and Organ et al. (2011)
- In the examples above, Organ et al. (2011) is in a journal published weekly and so the full date appears in the reference.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, vol#(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing. URL
Leaupepe, M. (2017). Authentic leadership: Experiences from a Pasifika early childhood education program in teacher education.听He Kupu鈥揟he Word, 5(1), 61鈥68. https://www.hekupu.ac.nz/article/authentic-leadership-experiences-pasifika-early-childhood-education-program-teacher
Nast, H. J. (2006). Loving鈥 whatever: Alienation, neoliberalism and pet-love in the twenty-first century. ACME: An International e-Journal for Critical Geographies, 5(2), 300鈥327. https://acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/761
听
- Parenthetical citations: (Leaupepe, 2017; Nast, 2006)
- Narrative citations: Leaupepe (2017) and Nast (2006)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article.听Title of Journal,听vol#(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing.
Bourke, R., & Loveridge, J. (2014). Exposing the divide between assessment and the point of learning through student voice.听New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 49(2), 149鈥161.
听
- Parenthetical citation: (Bourke & Loveridge, 2014)
- Narrative citation: Bourke and Loveridge (2014)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, vol#(issue#), Article article#. DOI OR URL
Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L. C. M., Carson, H. S., Thiel, M., Moore, C. J., Borerro, J. C., Galgani, F., Ryan, P. G., & Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world鈥檚 oceans: More than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. PloS One, 9(12), Article e111913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913
Huber, M., Knottnerus, J. A., Green, L., Horst, H. van der, Jadad, A. R., Kromhout, D., Leonard, B., Lorig, K., Loureiro, M. I., Meer, J. W. M. van der, Schnabel, P., Smith, R., Weel, C. van, & Smid, H. (2011, July 30). How should we define health? BMJ, 343(7817), Article d4163. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4163
听
- Parenthetical citations: (Eriksen et al., 2014; (Huber et al., 2011)
- Narrative citations: Eriksen et al. (2014) and Huber et al. (2011)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, Year(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing. DOI OR URL OR nothing
Clune, M. (2019). Computational thinking in primary mathematics. Set, 2019(3), 43鈥50. https://doi.org/10.18296/set.0151
Matthews, N. (2011). Reflecting on M膩ori academic leadership. MAI Review, 2011(3). http://www.review.mai.ac.nz/mrindex/MR/article/view/457.html
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- Parenthetical citations: (Clune, 2019; Matthews, 2011)
- Narrative citations: Clune (2019) and Matthews (2011)
- For this type of journal, each year restarts issue numbering with issue 1.
- The year occurs twice in the reference, in the date area and in the volume area.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal. Advance online publication. DOI OR URL
Bourke, L., Marriott-Fellows, M., Jones, A., Humphreys, L., Davies, S. J., Zuffiano, A., & L贸pez-P茅rez, B. (2019). Writing with imagination: The influence of hot and cold executive functions in children with autism characteristics and typically developing peers.听Reading and Writing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-019-09989-w
听
- Parenthetical citation: (Bourke et al., 2019)
- Narrative citation: Bourke et al. (2019)
- Publishers label advance online publications in various ways, such as 鈥渙nline first publication鈥 or 鈥渁head of print鈥.
- The wording is standardised to 鈥渁dvance online publication鈥 in APA references.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Season OR Year, Month OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, vol#(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing. DOI OR URL OR nothing
Duyvestyn, H. (2021, June). Nursing support for people with mild mental health needs.听Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 27(5), 24鈥27.
Pandemic-proofing the planet. (2020, June 6). Economist, 435(9200), 64鈥67.
Swain, G. R. (2016鈥2017, Fall/Winter). How does economic and social disadvantage affect health? Focus, 33(1), 1鈥6. https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc331a.pdf
听
- Parenthetical citations: (Duyvestyn, 2021; 鈥淧andemic-Proofing,鈥 2020; Swain, 2016鈥2017)
- Narrative citations: Duyvestyn (2021), 鈥淧andemic-Proofing鈥 (2020), and Swain (2016鈥2017)
- Non-academic periodicals include professional, trade and popular magazines.
- For more about articles without authors, such as the 鈥淧andemic-Proofing鈥 example, see under Author Variations.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year OR Year, Season OR Year, Month OR Year, Month Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Title of Journal, vol#(issue#), firstpage#鈥搇astpage# OR Article article# OR nothing. DOI OR URL OR nothing
Brown, H. (2019鈥2020, Raumati鈥揝ummer). A treasure house for future generations. Te Karaka, (84), 28鈥31. https://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/TE-KARAKA-84.pdf
Laud, L., Hirsch, S., Patel, P., & Wagner, M. (2010). Maximize student achievement with formative assessment. ASCD Express, 6(1). http://www.ascd.org/ascd-express/vol6/601-laud.aspx
Nichol, T. (2020, January 2). Unswimmable Auckland. Metro, 52鈥57.
Te whakataunga me te maimoatanga o ng膩 mate o te hinengaro M膩ori: Recognising and managing mental health disorders in M膩ori. (2010, June). Best Practice Journal, (28), 8鈥17. https://bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2010/June/docs/BPJ_28_june2010.pdf
听
- Parenthetical citations: (Brown, 2019鈥2020; Laud et al., 2010; Nichol, 2020; 鈥淭e Whakataunga,鈥 2010)
- Narrative citations: Brown (2019鈥2020), Laud et al. (2010), Nichol (2020), and 鈥淭e Whakataunga鈥 (2010)
- Any element following the journal title: Omit any missing element in the source; other parts are not adjusted to accommodate the omission.
- For more about articles without authors, such as the 鈥淭e Whakataunga鈥 example, see under Author Variations.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article: Subtitle of article. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. DOI
Mehrholz, J., Pohl, M., Platz, T., Kugler, J., & Elsner, B. (2018). Electromechanical and robot鈥恆ssisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006876.pub5
听
- Parenthetical citation: (Mehrholz et al., 2018)
- Narrative citation: Mehrholz et al. (2018)
- Cochrane articles are formatted like journal articles. Do not italicise the database name if it appears in text.
