Audiovisual material
Uploader, U. U. (Year, Month Date). Title of video: Subtitle of video [Video]. Publisher. URL
Ministry of Education. (2018, April 19). Things to consider when teaching te reo Ma虅ori [Video]. Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/265674105
swapsoton. (2007, October 29). Peter Alcock鈥擶hat is social policy? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Ccff_50dFP4
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- Parenthetical citations: (Ministry of Education, 2018; swapsoton, 2007)
- Narrative citations: Ministry of Education (2018) and swapsoton (2007)
- Authors and contributors: The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author to aid retrieval, even if they did not create the work. Note the contribution of others who appear in the video in the text narrative if desired, for example: Alcock discussed social policy 鈥 (swapsoton, 2007).
- Date: Include year, month and day uploaded in the reference list entry.
- Vimeo shows the posting date if you click the 鈥楳ore鈥 button under the title.
- YouTube shows the exact posting date if you click the 鈥榶ears/months/days ago鈥 button under the uploader name.
- Quotations: To quote directly from a video, provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in place of a page number, for example (swapsoton, 2007, 2:15).
- See also (APA Style website).
Ebi, K. (2019, April). How climate change could make our food less nutritious [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/kristie_ebi_how_climate_change_could_make_our_food_less_nutritious
TED. (2019, October 10). How climate change could make our food less nutritious: Kristie Ebi [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/wzjVT07bcYA
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- Parenthetical citations: (Ebi, 2019; TED, 2019)
- Narrative citations: Ebi (2019) and TED (2019)
- Author: When the TED Talk is from TED鈥檚 website (as with the Ebi example), use the name of the speaker as author. When the TED Talk is on YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account (here, TED) as the author to aid retrieval.
- Speaker: When the speaker is not listed as the author, integrate their name into the text narrative if desired, e.g. Ebi discussed how high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lower plants鈥 nutritional value (TED, 2019).
- Quotations: To quote directly from a TED Talk video, provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in place of a page number. For example: (Ebi, 2019, 5:17).
- See also (APA Style website).
Director, D. D. (Director). (Year). Title of film: Subtitle of film [Film]. Publisher.
Batalibasi, A. (Producer), & Pa鈥檃pa鈥檃, L. (Producer). (2011). Pacific stories: A film project exploring Pacific Islander identities [Film; DVD]. Pacific Stories.
Cullen, P. (Director). (2004). The stolen eye [Film]. Admire Productions.
Gibson, L. (Writer & Director). (2011). Fehuluni. In A. Batalibasi & L. Pa鈥檃pa鈥檃 (Producers), Pacific stories: A film project exploring Pacific Islander identities [Film]. Pacific Stories.
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- Parenthetical citations: (Batalibasi & Pa鈥檃pa鈥檃, 2011; Cullen, 2004; Gibson, 2011)
- Narrative citations: Batalibasi and Pa鈥檃pa鈥檃 (2011), Cullen (2004), and Gibson (2011)
- Authors: For films, usually the director should be credited as the author. If the director is unknown, however, someone in a similar role can be credited instead to aid readers in retrieving the work (e.g., the Batalibasi & Pa鈥檃pa鈥檃 example above). The description of role in this case matches what is on the work and is flexible.
- Versions: It is unnecessary to specify how you watched a film (in a theatre, on DVD, streaming online).
- All the same, when you need to specify the version used (e.g., when the film鈥檚 DVD release includes a commentary or special feature that you used), the format or other descriptive information may be included. Put this information within the [ ] after the word 鈥淔ilm鈥 and a semicolon, for example [Film; DVD] or [Film; educational DVD] and so on. Adjust the wording as needed.
- See also (APA Style website).
Director, D. D. (Director). (Year). Title of film: Subtitle of film [Film]. Publisher. URL OR nothing
O鈥橪eary, C. (Producer/Director). (1998). A class act: Mervyn Thomspon, playwright [Film]. Banshee Productions. https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/a-class-act-mervyn-thompson-his-life--work-1997/
Pryor, H. (Director). (2007). The Lacandon Maya [Film]. Filmakers Library.
Su, C. F., & Picker, M. (Directors). (2001). Mickey Mouse monopoly: Disney, childhood & corporate power [Film]. Media Education Foundation.
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- Parenthetical citations: (O鈥橪eary, 1998; Pryor, 2007; Su & Picker, 2001)
- Narrative citations: O鈥橪eary (1998), Pryor (2007), and Su and Picker (2001)
- Streaming: The URL of a film viewed on a streaming service such as Alexander Street or Kanopy will not resolve for all readers, so the URL is omitted.
- See also (APA Style website).
Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Year). Title of episode: Subtitle of episode [TV series episode OR Radio series episode]. In P. P. Producer (Executive Producer), Title of TV or radio series: Subtitle of TV or radio series. Production Company. URL
MacAskill, W. (2015, September 29). Effective altruism, doing good better [Radio series episode]. In K. Ryan (Host), Nine to noon. Radio New Zealand. https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/201772518/effective-altruism,-doing-good-better
Turner, H., & Roberts, A. (2014, May 12). Teacher racism [TV series episode]. In M. Forbes (Host), Native affairs. M膩ori Television. https://www.maoritelevision.com/news/education/native-affairs-teacher-racism
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- Parenthetical citations: (MacAskill, 2015; Turner & Roberts, 2014)
- Narrative citations: MacAskill (2015) and Turner and Roberts (2014)
- Authors: The writer or writers and director are credited for a TV series episode or webisode. Other role descriptions, such as 鈥淓xecutive Director鈥, may also be used if used on the source instead.
- Interviews: For interviews housed in digital or physical archives, credit the interviewee as the author.
- See also (APA Style website).
